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Pilot study on the effect of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan;104(1):125-32.
Johnston JM, Kurtz CB, Drossman DA, Lembo AJ, Jeglinski BI, MacDougall JE, Antonelli SM, Currie MG.
Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA, USA. jjohnston@ironwoodpharma.com
OBJECTIVES: Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment options. Oral administration of linaclotide, a novel peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase-C receptors, has been shown in animal studies to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and transit. In Phase 1 studies in healthy human volunteers, linaclotide was well-tolerated, increased bowel movement frequency, and loosened stool consistency.
Serotonin in the gastrointestinal tract.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Feb;16(1):53-9.
Camilleri M.
Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. camilleri.michael@mayo.edu
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To assess the role of serotonin and its control in the manifestations and treatment of lower functional gastrointestinal disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature has explored several novel concepts in the association of serotonin and symptoms, alterations in tissue levels of serotonin and its reuptake protein, aspects of the genetic determinants of serotonergic function (particularly 5-HTTLPR) and its relationship to gastrointestinal motor and sensory functions, and novel serotonergic agents used in therapy of lower functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Macrogol (polyethylene glycol) laxatives in children with functional constipation and faecal impaction: a systematic review.
Arch Dis Child. 2009 Feb;94(2):156-60. Epub 2008 Nov 19
Candy D, Belsey J.
Paediatric Gastroenterology Service, Royal West Sussex NHS Trust, Chichester PO19 6SE, UK. david.candy@rws-tr.nhs.uk
As the evidence base supporting the use of laxatives in children is very limited, we undertook an updated systematic review to clarify the issue. A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify randomised controlled trials of polyethylene glycol (PEG) versus either placebo or active comparator, in patients aged <18 years with primary chronic constipation. Outcomes were assessed as either global assessments of effectiveness or differences in defaecation rates.
Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation - a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Feb 1;29(3):315-28. Epub 2008 Nov 8.
Quigley EM, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R, Ausma J.
Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. e.quigley@ucc.ie
BACKGROUND: Chronic constipation may result in disabling symptoms, is often unsatisfactorily treated by laxatives and negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). AIM: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a selective, high-affinity 5-HT(4) receptor agonist, prucalopride, in patients with chronic constipation [
Prucalopride (Resolor) in the treatment of severe chronic constipation in patients dissatisfied with laxatives.
Gut. 2009 Mar;58(3):357-65. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
Tack J, van Outryve M, Beyens G, Kerstens R, Vandeplassche L.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Jan.Tack@med.kuleuven.be
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, impact on quality of life (QOL) and safety of prucalopride, a selective, high-affinity 5-HT(4) receptor agonist, in patients with chronic constipation.
METHODS: In this multicentre, randomised, placebo controlled, parallel-group, phase III study, patients with chronic constipation (two or fewer spontaneous complete bowel movements (SCBM)/week) received 2 mg or 4 mg prucalopride or placebo, once daily, for 12 weeks.
Tegaserod for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; (4):CD003960 (ISSN: 1469-493X)
Evans BW; Clark WK; Moore DJ; Whorwell PJ
University of Hertfordshire, School of Pharmacy, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK, AL10 9AB. b.w.evans@herts.ac.uk
BACKGROUND: IBS is a complex disorder that encompasses a wide profile of symptoms. The symptoms of chronic constipation frequently resemble those of constipation-predominant IBS. Current drug treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are of limited value. Many target specific symptoms only. Tegaserod, a 5HT(4) partial agonist, represents a novel mechanism of action in the treatment of IBS and chronic constipation.
Diet and chronic constipation. Benefits of oral supplementation with symbiotic zir fos (Bifidobacterium longum W11 + FOS Actilight).
Acta Biomed. 2006; 77(3):157-62 (ISSN: 0392-4203)
Amenta M; Cascio MT; Di Fiore P; Venturini I
Centro di Prevenzione e Cura Obesità, ASL 6 D.S. 1 Cefalù, Palermo, Italy.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Constipation is one of the most common disorders in Western countries and it is known that dietary factors such as a low fiber diet and low caloric intake are associated with this condition. Weight loss can disrupt the intestinal ecosystem resulting in intestinal dysbiosis that worsens constipation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with symbiotic zir fos (Bifidobacterium longum W11 + FOS Actilight) on chronic constipation in patients undergoing a weight loss diet.
Myths and misconceptions about chronic constipation.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100(1):232-42 (ISSN: 0002-9270)
Müller-Lissner SA; Kamm MA; Scarpignato C; Wald A
Abteilung Innere Medizin, Park-Klinik Weissensee, Schönstrasse 80, 13086 Berlin, Germany.
There are many strongly held beliefs about constipation that are not evidence based. The purpose of this review is to address these beliefs concerning various aspects of constipation. There is no evidence to support the theory that diseases may arise via "autointoxication," whereby poisonous substances from stools within the colon are absorbed. Dolichocolon, defined as an elongated colon, should not be seen as a cause of constipation.
Constipation in long-term care.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007; 8(4):209-18 (ISSN: 1538-9375)
Tariq SH
Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA. Tariqsh@slu.edu
Constipation is more common in older adults and accounts for increased physician office visits and hospital admissions. There is lack of agreement on the definition of constipation regarding what patients perceive as constipation and what physicians traditionally see as constipation. Constipation is related to multiple factors, and when left untreated or not properly treated, results in complications, such as impaction, even perforation and death.
Causes of idiopathic constipation in Thai patients: associations between the causes and constipation symptoms as defined in the Rome II criteria.
J Med Assoc Thai. 2004; 87 Suppl 2:S22-8 (ISSN: 0125-2208)
Gonlachanvit S; Patcharatrakul T
Gastrointestinal Motility Unit, Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. fmedsgc@md2.md.chula.ac.th
The authors investigated 103 consecutive Thai patients (29M, 74F age 50 +/- 20) with chronic idiopathic constipation (symptom duration; median 5 yr, range 0.25-45 yr) as defined by Rome II criteria using colonic transit test, anorectal manometry, and balloon expulsion tests. Constipation symptoms were evaluated by a questionnaire.
