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Pharmacologic treatment of constipation: what is new?
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;8(6):724-8. Epub 2008 Aug 20.
Pohl D, Tutuian R, Fried M.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disease affecting 2-27% of the population in Western hemisphere. Approximately in half of patients the diagnosis of functional constipation is made after having ruled out secondary causes. Treatment of chronic functional constipation primarily addresses education on toilet habits, dietary advice, and patient reassurance. Further therapies are guided according to functional subtype slow-transit constipation, dyssynergic defecation, and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C).
Imaging studies in the diagnosis of functional abdominal disorders.
Ther Umsch. 2009 Jan;66(1):25-30.
Criblez D, Treumann T, Metzger J.
Magendarm-Zentrum Luzern, Luzerner Kantonsspital.
Functional abdominal disorders are predominantly diagnosed on the basis of a thorough history and clinical examination. It is a challenge to clinicians to define the adequate place of imaging studies in order to rule out relevant organic disease. In functional dyspepsia, oesphago-gastroduodensoscopy and abdominal ultrasound are widely used as first line studies.
Serotonin in the gastrointestinal tract.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Feb;16(1):53-9.
Camilleri M.
Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. camilleri.michael@mayo.edu
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To assess the role of serotonin and its control in the manifestations and treatment of lower functional gastrointestinal disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature has explored several novel concepts in the association of serotonin and symptoms, alterations in tissue levels of serotonin and its reuptake protein, aspects of the genetic determinants of serotonergic function (particularly 5-HTTLPR) and its relationship to gastrointestinal motor and sensory functions, and novel serotonergic agents used in therapy of lower functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Tegaserod for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; (4):CD003960 (ISSN: 1469-493X)
Evans BW; Clark WK; Moore DJ; Whorwell PJ
University of Hertfordshire, School of Pharmacy, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, UK, AL10 9AB. b.w.evans@herts.ac.uk
BACKGROUND: IBS is a complex disorder that encompasses a wide profile of symptoms. The symptoms of chronic constipation frequently resemble those of constipation-predominant IBS. Current drug treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are of limited value. Many target specific symptoms only. Tegaserod, a 5HT(4) partial agonist, represents a novel mechanism of action in the treatment of IBS and chronic constipation.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Functional Dyspepsia
by R. J. Saad; W. D. Chey, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Summary. Functional dyspepsia represents a heterogeneous group of gastrointestinal disorders marked by the presence of upper abdominal pain or discomfort. Although its precise definition has evolved over the last several decades, this disorder remains shrouded in controversy. The symptoms of functional dyspepsia may overlap with those of other functional bowel disorders including irritable bowel syndrome and non-erosive reflux disease.
Bloating, Distension, and the Irritable Bowel Syndrome
by Richard Lea, MD; Peter J. Whorwell, MD, MedGenMed Gastroenterology, From Medscape General Medicine
Definition of Bloating and Distension, In the literature, the terms "bloating" and "distension" are largely used synonymously, relying more on patient descriptions rather than on any attempt to record an actual change in girth.
Review Article: Abdominal Bloating and Distension in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders - Epidemiology and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms
by A. Agrawal; P. J. Whorwell; Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Summary: A sensation of abdominal bloating, sometimes accompanied by an increase in girth (distension), is one of the most common and most intrusive features of functional bowel disorders.
Brief description of the digestive system
Brief description of the digestive system
Digestive system consists of several organs responsible for the break down and elimination of chemical components of foods: Stomach, Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder, Small Intestine, and Large Intestine.
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Symptoms such as bloating, gas, chronic constipation, and diarrhea, are mostly attributed to poor digestion.
IBS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME), is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and alteration in bowel habits. "Up to 20% of the adult population has symptoms compatible with the diagnosis, but most never seek medical attention. It is a common problem presenting to both the gastroenterologist and the primary physician." (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, 37th Edition, chapter 14, p602).
Some of the reasons causing digestive disorders are:
Links
Links
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